Ari ✓

[image] The complete deep origins of 328 Kurdish patrilineal lineages that have been sponsored or purchased through Whole Genome Sequencing (30x or higher), or through Y-700 and equivalent STR-based testing. The following also includes Kurdish samples sequenced through scientific studies

[image] Patrilineal lineage R1a-Z93 > CTS6 > Y37891 is shaping up to be one of the original Kurdish genetic markers. It is currently shared between three lines: the Rabatî family, as tested by Hawpa leader Sarhoz Rabaty; secondly various Kurmanjis, particularly from the Shadiyan and

[image] Minted silver coin of the Ayyubid Kurdish Muslim ruler Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb (Saladin), presenting himself with a Sāsānian-style three-pointed merlon crown, which he used to serve as a powerful symbol of legitimacy, which his pre-Islamic ancestors associated with the

[image] What are the origins of the Zazas? The Zazas are a Kurdish subgroup who speak an Adharic-derived language. This linguistic grouping also includes Talysh, Gorani, and various Tatic dialects. The Adharic grouping is an Iranian cluster tied to northwest Iran, distinct from the

[image] Almost half of Kurdish Y-DNA paternal lineages are traceable to Iron Age Iranians of south-central Asia, inferred through a combination of Late Neolithic–Iron Age ancient samples from central Asia and Y-haplogroup diversity data from modern populations sharing the same root

[image] Why are the ancient Lullubi at Bakr Awa genetically close to Kurds? 15 out of 20 samples are very distant racially from Kurds. The 5 samples that artificially plot "closer" to Kurds and north-west Iranians such as Tats are in fact autosomally very distinct, proven in the

[image] The ancient Greek Eratosthenes of Cyrene (276–194 BC) provides the earliest reliable attestation of the Kurds. Writing sometime after 240 BCE during the early Ptolemaic Kingdom (soon after the Achaemenid collapse), when he served as chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria,

[image] According to our limited genetic understanding of horse breeds, the modern Kurdish horse does not descend from the Nisaean horse (Median horse). What seems to be indicated in the genetic literature is that the majority of modern horse breeds globally descend from Scythian horse

[image] Are Kurds ethnically Mede? The question itself is misleading because it assumes a clear misunderstanding of what a Mede was. In reality the Medes were not an ethnic group, but an organised tribal political group of Iranians much like the Mards, Sagartians, Persians, and many

[image] A complete historical compilation of what we know about the Kurds before the Islamic age. It includes only direct attestations of the Kurds by name, without the speculative claims linking them to Corduene, the Carduchii, and similar groups that have long since been debunked by

[image] The empire that never existed: The Median empire. In Book 1 of The Histories, Herodotus devotes considerable attention to the rise of the Achaemenid Empire. He begins by describing the revolts of the Medes against the Neo-Assyrian Empire. According to his account, the Medes had

[image] The tattoo custom deq among Kurds is of post-Islamic Bedouin Arab origins. The very word deq is loaned from Arabic دَقّ (daqq), whose relevant definition means to strike, to knock, to drive in. It comes from the Semitic triconsonantal root D-Q-Q. It originally served many

[image] This major upcoming publication should not be understated in terms of how important it will be for the academic study of the Kurdish languages. It will provide a comprehensive scholarly overview of what we already know, while also building on that knowledge further. Importantly,

[image] 6.5% of Kurdish men belong to paternal Y-700 lineages traceable to the Greco-Anatolian world of antiquity. All the following clades have no post-Islamic matches, which strongly implies roots deep within history. Most notably, the massive Reshwan tribe have a major founder effect

[image] Complete Kurdish history before the Islamic age (reupload because I mistakenly didn't screenshot my commentary I had written on the Kār-Nāmag). As stated previously, any connection to Corduene/Carduchi/etc, is not listed here given that it is not only unlikely, but entirely

[image] 9% of the Kurdish paternal Y-700 lineages that exists among the Kurds are traceable to genetic populations indigenous to late chalcolithic Mesopotamia or Zagros. The leaves 91% of the Kurdish lineages belonging to populations that had moved there from the bronze age and onwards,

[text] Are Kurds Iranian? Undoubtedly yes. For those struggling to comprehend that words can have more than one meaning, the term "Iranian" is indeed one such case where it carries various meanings. The term "Iranian" is not just a passport, nor was the term "Iran" coined in 1935. The

[image] One of the great ironies surrounding the various grand bazaars becoming emblematic symbols of Kurdish cities is that their normalisation over the past several hundred years is itself a product of “Turco-Persianate” influence. The very word bazaar is a Persian loanword in Kurdish,

[image] The Y-DNA samples at Bakr Awa, representing populations in Lullubum and Zamua, are just one part of a much larger phenomenon, which indicates that the Zagros Mountains were subject to extensive population settlements during the Bronze and Iron Ages from peoples further west and

[image] What is the origins of the Iraqi Turkmen? An Ottoman tax register of the Liva of Kirkuk dating to the mid-sixteenth century records the presence of the Siyah Mansur tribe (lit. Black Mansur) in the area. The Siyah Mansur constituted a large and well-documented Shia Kurdish

[image] Approximate religious demographics of southern Kurdistan during the high medieval period (900AD - 1300AD). Southern Kurdistan's traditional association with Shiism is often traced to the rise of the Kurdish Hasanwayhid dynasty, yet Sunni presence appears to have remained

[image] This supposed ancient Kurdish script described in the book Shawq al Mustahām fī Maʿrifat Rumūz al Aqlām is complete fan fiction that was not even written by Ibn Waḥshiyya. It is a spurious work falsely attributed to him by a much later author in order to increase the legitimacy

[image] In light of the repeated misuse of the word Persian by non Iranians and even members of the Iranian diaspora, I have decided to explain how the word Persian has been historically used by Iranians themselves. The persistent use of the word Persian, as it is known as an exonym, is

[image] Autosomal composition of Kurds from two perspectives: a Chalcolithic to Bronze Age scale, and from the perspective of the medieval era. The former can be replicated on G25, and the latter can be replicated on G25 and qpAdm. The precise breakdown should not be taken too literally,

[image] J2-L25 > Z7700 currently represents 6.6% of Kurdish Y-DNA lineages (334 samples). J2-L25 is estimated to descend from a man born around 6785 BCE. Given the modern and ancient distribution of this lineage, an Archaeological place of origin towards the tail end of the Caspian

[image] 19% of the paternal lineages among Kurds are traceable to Proto-Semitic/early Semitic speakers, who originated in the Levant around 3500 BCE. The greatest bulk of the Semitic lineages among Kurds diverge from other Semites sometime just before and during the Achaemenid era.